Administrative law

Get on top of judicial review.

Administrative law is about challenging government decisions. In a problem question it follows a clear sequence: identify the decision, who may challenge it, on what ground, in which court, and what remedy. Working to that sequence is what keeps judicial review manageable.

11 module guides105 drills15 exam scenariosPass & H1 model answers

The subject, module by module

Eleven modules, end to end

Each module has a guide: the idea, an attack plan, the cases at a glance, the rules and the common traps. The practice bank holds 120 problems, each with a Pass answer, an H1 answer and examiner's comments.

1Framework and non-judicial accountability
Merits review, freedom of information and the Ombudsman. This module also carries the interim assessment.
Guide · Memoranda (5)
2Jurisdiction and avenues
Order 56, section 39B and the ADJR gateway, and the avenue the question locks you into.
Guide · Drills (10, with 3)
3Remedies
Certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, declaration and injunction, selected and justified rather than listed.
Guide · Drills (10, with 2)
4Standing
Who may bring the application, and the special interest test.
Guide · Drills (8)
5Framing: error, validity and materiality
Jurisdictional error, invalidity, and the two stage materiality analysis run on the strongest ground.
Guide · Drills (10)
6Procedural fairness
The hearing rule and the bias rule, argued from the statute before the common law fills any gap.
Guide · Hearing rule (10) · Bias (10)
7Authority grounds
Jurisdictional fact, acting without authority, and delegation and agency.
Guide · Jurisdictional fact (10) · Delegation (10)
8Discretion grounds
Relevant and irrelevant considerations, improper purpose, inflexible policy and unreasonableness.
Guide · Considerations (12) · Unreasonableness (8)
9Privative clauses and limitation devices
Kirk, Plaintiff S157 and the limits of an ouster clause.
Guide · Drills (12, with 10)
10Judicial review of delegated legislation
Validity, repugnancy to the Act, and the declaration of invalidity that most answers miss.
Guide · Drills (12, with 9)
11The Charter
The section 38 pathway and the Victorian Charter in judicial review. Assessed in the essay.
Guide
Exam tier
Fifteen integrated Part A scenarios in the format of the real paper, 40 marks each, with model answers and examiner's comments.
Exam tier

The challenge

Where students get stuck

The grounds of review overlap, and the jurisdictional rules are detailed. A common difficulty is distinguishing jurisdictional from other error, which affects much of the analysis. Procedural fairness, through the hearing rule and the bias rule, must be applied precisely. The remaining grounds, including relevant and irrelevant considerations, improper purpose, unreasonableness and error of law, each have their own requirements. All of this sits within the correct pathway under the ADJR Act, section 75(v) of the Constitution and section 39B of the Judiciary Act, with the appropriate standing and remedy. Privative clauses and Plaintiff S157 are areas students often find uncertain.

How the guides handle it

The guides run one sequence and keep to it: the decision and the jurisdiction first, then standing, then each ground on its own with rule, authority, application and conclusion, then the remedies. The drills concentrate where the marks are: jurisdictional error, procedural fairness and privative clauses.

The method

One method, every problem

Four steps run every argument: name the issue, state the rule, apply it to the facts, conclude. Almost every legal rule shares a skeletal structure: it takes one of six shapes, and any of those shapes may carry a twist. Learn the six shapes and one twist →

Complete, end to end. Eleven module guides, a registry of 150 rules, and a practice bank of 120 problems: 100 single issue drills, 5 interim memoranda and 15 integrated exam scenarios, each with a Pass answer, an H1 answer and examiner's comments.

Common questions

Administrative Law: common questions

Does this cover the grounds and the remedies?

Yes. Standing, the jurisdictional pathways, every ground of review and all the remedies.

I cannot tell jurisdictional error from other error. Where do I start?

It is the heart of the subject. Module 5 works it with the authorities and worked examples, and the drills test it until it clicks.

Get on top of Administrative Law.

Work through the eleven module guides, then test yourself on 120 problems with model answers and examiner's comments.